TRAGÉDIA DE SANTA MARIA - RS

Quantos mais terão que morrer para que as leis e normas de segurança em locais de eventos sejam cumpridas?
Chega de propinas, "acertos", conchavos, influências perniciosas, pressões políticas, entre outras coisas, para que locais inadequados e pessoas despreparadas continuem a existir.
A segurança em locais de eventos é coisa séria e, quando negligenciada, ignorada e colocada nas mãos de oportunistas, mata!
O envolvimento na correção de rumo é responsabilidade de todos. Sobretudo das autoridades, proprietários de locais, promotores de eventos, protagonistas (artistas, desportistas, políticos, etc) e da comunidade local.
Esquecer o que aconteceu em Santa Maria será o mesmo que ignorar os que lá morreram e ser co-autor da tragédia.

ZERO ENERGY HOME DEFINITION

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Building Technologies Program defines a net zero energy building as “a residential or commercial building with greatly reduced needs for energy through efficiency gains, with the balance of energy needs supplied by renewable technologies.”  A Zero Energy Home combines state-of-the-art, highly energy-efficient designs and equipment with on-site renewable energy generation (which typically includes a solar hot water production system and a rooftop photovoltaic, or PV, system) to return as much energy to the utility as it takes on an annual basis.

Zero Energy Homes are designed to perform well, be comfortable, require only standard maintenance, and look no different from an ordinary home.

 Typical Features of a Zero Energy Home

1.       Efficiency Features

A typical ZEH is designed to be responsive to the climate and usually features: high levels of insulation and air sealing; windows with energy properties selected for the climate; careful design and installation of HVAC and plumbing systems to The Potential Impact of Zero Energy Homes NAHB Research Center 4 February 2006 minimize energy loss; ducts in conditioned space; high efficiency HVAC equipment sized according to industry standards; and high efficiency lights and appliances.

A ZEH can use conventional construction methods such as wood framing or innovative systems such as structural insulated panels. Similarly, a ZEH can use advanced energy technologies—such as windows that become tinted in the presence of sunlight, phase change materials for energy storage, and ventilation strategies that minimize the need for compressor cooling—or they can employ offthe-shelf technologies common in many conventional homes.

2.       On-site Electrical Energy Production

The Direct Current (DC) electrical output from a PV system (photovoltaic) is converted to Alternating Current (AC) power by an inverter. The AC power can be used in the home or fed back into the power grid. In the simplest system, power sent into the utility grid causes the home’s electric meter to operate in reverse.  In a ZEH, the power taken from the utility is designed to be equal to the power sent back by the PV system annually.

This study does not evaluate self-sufficient photovoltaic systems that include a battery back-up power supply and are independent from the utility grid. However, optional upgrades to Zero Energy Homes are possible that would allow independence from the utility grid in the event of a power outage.

3.       On-site Thermal Energy Production

Solar energy can also be harnessed for space and water heating. The most common system is a solar domestic water heater. Components of a typical solar water heating system include a rooftop solar collector and a hot water storage tank.

Water that runs through the roof-mounted solar collector is heated by the sun and stored in a hot water storage tank. Back-up electric or gas water heating is usually provided for periods when hot water demand exceeds system output, such as during long periods of cloudy weather.

The following are critical obstacles to home builder acceptance of the ZEH  concept.

• Builders are often skeptical of homeowners’ willingness to pay for advanced energyefficiency and renewable energy systems. 

• There is a big learning curve for builders to incorporate ZEH into their current  building practices and for sales staff in selling ZEH.  The Potential Impact of Zero Energy Homes  NAHB Research Center 22 February 2006

• There is an increased transaction cost associated with selling and scheduling  installation of ZEH features. 

• Builders are concerned with the aesthetics of roof-mounted solar thermal and electric    systems. 

• Currently, it is expensive to build a ZEH. 

• There is a lack of understanding of the ZEH concept among home builders.

• Builders are reluctant to add roof penetrations because of concerns over leaks.

The following barriers are critical to gaining homebuyer acceptance of ZEH.

• There is a lack of understanding of the ZEH concept among homeowners.  Homeowners can only place value in ZEH if they have a basic understanding of the  concept. 

• Homebuyers are concerned about the aesthetics of roof-mounted solar thermal and  electric systems. 

• When ZEH is presented to a homebuyer as an option, there is competition for limited  investment dollars between ZEH features, which are typically invisible, and other  more tangible amenities. 

• The cost of ZEH is prohibitive for many homebuyers

SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA

Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.

Segurança Pública é um processo, ou seja, uma sequência contínua de fatos ou operações que apresentam certa unidade ou que se reproduzem com certa regularidade, que compartilha uma visão focada em componentes preventivos, repressivos, judiciais, saúde e sociais. É um processo sistêmico, pela necessidade da integração de um conjunto de conhecimentos e ferramentas estatais que devem interagir a mesma visão, compromissos e objetivos. Deve ser também otimizado, pois dependem de decisões rápidas, medidas saneadoras e resultados imediatos. Sendo a ordem pública um estado de serenidade, apaziguamento e tranquilidade pública, em consonância com as leis, os preceitos e os costumes que regulam a convivência em sociedade, a preservação deste direito do cidadão só será amplo se o conceito de segurança pública for aplicado.

A segurança pública não pode ser tratada apenas como medidas de vigilância e repressiva, mas como um sistema integrado e otimizado envolvendo instrumento de prevenção, coação, justiça, defesa dos direitos, saúde e social. O processo de segurança pública se inicia pela prevenção e finda na reparação do dano, no tratamento das causas e na reinclusão na sociedade do autor do ilícito.

EDUCACIÓN VIAL

Concepto

Educación vial es el conjunto de acciones encaminadas a enseñar el buen uso y conservación de los caminos terrestres, marítimas y aéreas por donde se circula o se transita.

Objetivos:

• Lograr seguridad en el tránsito y la disminución de daños a personas y bienes.
• Dar fluidez al tránsito, teniendo la óptima utilización de las vías públicas.
• Educar y capacitar a los usuarios para el uso correcto de las vías de uso público.
• Preservar el patrimonio vial y el parque automotor.
• Disminuir la contaminación del medio ambiente por los vehículos auto motorizados.

Cómo debe estar la educación vial

Debe ser mas actualizado y de acuerdo al crecimiento del parque automotor, debe orientar a las personas desde las escuelas de lo que significa educación vial y cual es la importancia, enseñar cuales son y que significan los diversos dispositivos de señalización, así como respetar los reglamentos vigentes de tránsito y la vida humana.

Debe existir también, paralelamente un control mucho más estricto por parte de las autoridades respectivas, la educación vial debe buscar lograr la seguridad en el tránsito y así disminuir los daños a personas y bienes materiales, dar fluidez teniendo óptimas condiciones las vías especialmente públicas, preservar el patrimonio vial y el parque automotor, educar y capacitar al usuario para el uso correcto de la vía pública y otros, así como difundir la contaminación del medio ambiente por los vehículos motorizados.

Usuarios de las vías públicas

• Conductores de vehículos mayores y especiales:

El conductor debe portar y exhibir cuando la policía de tránsito lo requiera: su licencia de conducir vigente, correspondiente al tipo de vehículo que conduce; el comprobante de haber aprobado la última revisión técnica requerida; y el comprobante de la contratación del seguro obligatorio contra accidentes de transito (SOAT).

• Conductores de vehículos menores:

Los conductores de motocicletas y bicicletas, tienen los mismos derechos y obligaciones de los conductores de vehículos mayores, con excepción de las disposiciones que no le corresponda, por su especial naturaleza. El conductor y pasajeros de una motocicleta, deben usar asco protector, igualmente anteojos protectores cuando el vehículo carezca de parabrisas.

• Licencia de Conducir:

Para conducir un vehículo automotor se requiere ser titular de la respectiva licencia de conducir expedida por la autoridad competente y portarla permanentemente.

• Registro de conducir:

Las autoridades competentes deben establecer un registro de conductores cuyo objetivo es el de reunir y mantener toda la información de los conductores de vehículos automotores. El reglamento determinará las funciones y organizaciones del registro.

• El peatón:

Los peatones deben acatar los dispositivos para el control del tránsito y las indicaciones de la Policía de tránsito y gozan e los derechos que les conceda la presente Ley.

• La capacitación :

Para el uso correcto de la vía pública se establecerá en la enseñanza primaria y secundaria temas y asignaturas de educación y capacitación; al igual que en la enseñanza técnica y universitaria orientaciones o especialidades que capaciten para servir los distintos fines de esta Ley.

Conclusiones

• Falta educar y culturizar a toda la población peruana, en lo que se refiere a la Educación Vial.
• Las municipalidades provinciales no se ponen de acuerdo con la policía para realizar un buen trabajo sobre la Educación Vial.
• La policía de tránsito no desarrolla bien su trabajo que le toca desempeñar en cuanto al reglamento de tránsito.
• Nuestra ciudad no cuenta con policía de Transito y faltan señales preventivas de tránsito.

Recomendaciones

• Las autoridades competentes deben organizar charlas sobre Educación Vial a toda la población peruana, especialmente a las instituciones educativas.
• Las municipalidades deben ponerse de acuerdo con la policía para realizar un buen trabajo sobre Educación Vial, ya que estas son las únicas instituciones capaces de contribuir a la disminución de accidentes de tránsito.
• La policía debe tomar cartas en el asunto organizase para desarrollar un trabajo digno de ser respetado y hacer cumplir el reglamento de tránsito.
• Se debe dar buena sanción a los conductores de vehículos que no cumplan con el reglamento de tránsito.
• Los peatones debemos ser prudentes cuando estamos transitando por las calles, avenidas y demás vía de trânsito.

Leer más: http://www.monografias.com/trabajos

PROTECTING INFORMATION IN THE CLOUD

IT and business executives need to apply a risk-management approach that balances economic value against risks.

JANUARY 2013 • James Kaplan, Chris Rezek, and Kara Sprague

Source: Business Technology Office

As attractive as cloud environments can be, they also come with new types of risks. Executives are asking whether external providers can protect sensitive data and also ensure compliance with regulations about where certain data can be stored and who can access the data. CIOs and CROs are also asking whether building private clouds creates a single point of vulnerability by aggregating many different types of sensitive data onto a single platform.

Blanket refusals to make use of private- or public-cloud capabilities leave too much value on the table from savings and improved flexibility. Large institutions, which have many types of sensitive information to protect and many cloud solutions to choose from, must balance potential benefits against, for instance, risks of breaches of data confidentiality, identity and access integrity, and system availability.

The cloud is here to stay

Refusing to use cloud capabilities is not a viable option for most institutions. The combination of improved agility and a lower IT cost base is spurring large enterprises to launch concerted programs to use cloud environments. At the same time, departments, work groups, and individuals often take advantage of low-cost, easy-to-buy public-cloud services—even when corporate policies say they should not.

High growth and value expectations

Corporate spending on third-party-managed and public-cloud environments will grow from $28 billion in 2011 to more than $70 billion in 2015, according to IDC. However, total spending on the cloud is much larger than these estimates indicate because the figures do not reflect what enterprises spend on their private-cloud environments. Eighty percent of large North American institutions surveyed by McKinsey are planning or executing programs to make use of cloud environments to host critical applications—mostly by building private-cloud environments. At several of these institutions, executives predict that 70 to 75 percent of their applications will be hosted in cloud environments that will enable savings of 30 to 40 percent compared with current platforms.

Using external cloud offerings can yield even more pronounced savings. Some executives cite examples of 60 to 70 percent savings by replacing custom-developed internal applications with software-as-a-service alternatives sourced from the public cloud. In addition, according to recent McKinsey research, 63 percent of business leaders who responded agreed that the cloud can make their entire organization more business agile and responsive.